Genotype-by-diagnosis interaction influences self-control in human copyright addiction

Genotype-by-diagnosis interaction influences self-control in human copyright addiction

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Abstract Not everyone who uses drugs loses control over their intake, which is a hallmark of addiction.Although familial risk studies suggest significant addiction heritability, the genetic basis of vulnerability to drug addiction remains largely unknown.In the present study, we investigate the relationship between self-control, copyright use, and the rs36024 single nucleotide polymorphism of the noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2).We hypothesize that C-allele-carrying adults show impaired self-control, as measured by the stop-signal task and demonstrated previously in adolescents, and Pipe Pouches further exacerbated by chronic copyright use.

Patients with copyright use disorder (CUD, n = 79) and healthy unrelated participants with no history of drug abuse (n = 54) completed the stop-signal task.All participants were genotyped for rs36024 allelic variants (CC/TT homozygotes, CT heterozygotes).We measured mean stop-signal reaction time, reflecting the ability to inhibit ongoing motor responses, reaction times to go stimuli, and the proportion of successful stops.CUD patients showed prolonged stop-signal reaction time, however, there was no main effect of rs36024 genotype.

Importantly, there was a significant genotype-by-diagnosis interaction such that CUD patients with CC genotype had longer stop-signal reaction time and fewer successful stops compared with CC healthy controls and TT CUD patients.CT CUD patients showed an intermediate performance.Self-control deficits were associated with copyright use disorder diagnosis, which interacts Sunglasses with the noradrenaline transporter rs36024 polymorphism.Our findings suggest that rs36024 may represent a potential genetic vulnerability marker, which facilitates the transition from first copyright use to addiction by weakening the inhibitory control over behavior.